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Borrell is sworn in as Spain’s foreign minister

On 7 June 2018 Borrell took the Santa Cruz palace under Pedro Sánchez. In the causal graph this event strengthens Democratic Resilience, a driver that strengthens Having a say in government — an improving welfare path.

Sources: [1][2]

Read the full account

On 7 June 2018 Borrell took the Santa Cruz palace under Pedro Sánchez. Swearing-in is a completed constitutional act, not a Venezuela statute.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Josep Borrell

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.7 · verified

    The king appointed him. Sánchez assigned the portfolio. Parliament still funded it.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

    1. FactBorrell is sworn in as Spain’s foreign minister
    2. strengthensDriverDemocratic Resilience
    3. strengthensIndicators (3)Having a say in government
    Improving path

    impact weight 0.2 · Effect from 7 June 2018 · verified

    A completed cabinet investiture records ordinary rotation.

    • Having a say in government

      via Democratic Resilience

      Better

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.14 (weight 0.2 × strength 0.7)

      Observed

      29.8% of population aged 16-65 years · 8.13 below the normal line (2023)

      Worse than normal

      Two readings: 30.2% of population aged 16-65 years (2021) and 29.8% of population aged 16-65 years (2023).

      20212023

      Above normal = better

    • Clean elections index

      via Democratic Resilience

      Better

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.09 (weight 0.2 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      0.53 score from 0 to 1 · 0.34 below the normal line (2024)

      Worse than normal

      125 readings, 1900–2024: rose from 0.17 score from 0 to 1 to 0.53 score from 0 to 1.

      Above normal = better

    • WJP Rule of Law Index (global)

      via Democratic Resilience

      Better

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.09 (weight 0.2 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      0.55 index score (0-1) · 0.26 below the normal line (2024)

      Worse than normal

      Above normal = better

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Reuters — Borrell named Spain foreign ministerReuters · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Spain MFA — Venezuela 2019Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores · High credibility · verified

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorJosep Borrell
  2. contributed toFactBorrell is sworn in as Spain’s foreign minister
  3. strengthensDriverDemocratic Resilience
  4. strengthensIndicatorHaving a say in government

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). Borrell is sworn in as Spain’s foreign minister. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/es-borrell-fm-2018

https://factrail.ai/facts/es-borrell-fm-2018

Accessed 16 October 2026.

By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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