Perseus publishes public Livy and Polybius as searchable English-Greek/Latin
Dated 1 January 1987: Perseus publishes public Livy and Polybius as searchable English-Greek/Latin. In the causal graph this event strengthens Digital Learning Access, a driver that weakens Learning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries) — an improving welfare path.
Read the full account
It is not a new palimpsest.
Context
Searchable slaughter is still access. Harms stay on battle rows.
Hannibal is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.
Why it matters
A Perseus URL is not UNESCO Carthage stone.
Who was responsible
Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.
Hannibal
PersonDirect responsibility
responsibility level 0.24 · verified
Named Carthaginian general as heading of later annalistic epic. Polybius, Livy, and later staff colleges publish the instrument.
What changed
Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.
- FactPerseus publishes public Livy and Polybius as searchable English-Greek/Latin
- strengthensDriverDigital Learning Access
- weakensIndicators (3)Learning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries)
impact weight 0.4 · Effect from 1 January 1987 · verified
A Perseus URL is not UNESCO Carthage stone.
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.16 (weight 0.4 × strength 0.4)
Observed
70% of 10-year-olds · 70 above the normal line (2022)
Worse than normalTwo readings: 57% of 10-year-olds (2019) and 70% of 10-year-olds (2022).
20192022 Above normal = worse
Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.14 (weight 0.4 × strength 0.35)
Observed
472 PISA score points · 28 below the normal line (2022)
Worse than normal7 readings, 2003–2022: fell from 499 PISA score points to 472 PISA score points.
Above normal = better
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.12 (weight 0.4 × strength 0.3)
Observed
11% of primary-school-age children · 11 above the normal line (2023)
Worse than normalAbove normal = worse
Evidence
The sources behind this fact and its verification state.
- 1.Perseus — Livy (English)Perseus Digital Library / Tufts · High credibility · verified
- 2.Perseus — Polybius (English)Perseus Digital Library / Tufts · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish
Perseus’s public Punic-War texts put Cannae, Trebia, Trasimene, and the Alps on stable URLs.
Not established: a unique Factrail-original body count, or a recovered 216 BCE civil-registry file.
Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here. Confidence is stated on the impact path.
Causal path
How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.
- ActorHannibal
- contributed toFactPerseus publishes public Livy and Polybius as searchable English-Greek/Latin
- strengthensDriverDigital Learning Access
- weakensIndicatorLearning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries)
Cite this page
Factrail. (2026). Perseus publishes public Livy and Polybius as searchable English-Greek/Latin. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/ha-perseus-public
https://factrail.ai/facts/ha-perseus-public
Accessed 16 October 2026.
By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed
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