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eventVerified

Actes et paroles collects the political speeches as a public record

In the 1870s Hugo issued Actes et paroles, collecting political speeches as a public book. A collected speech-book can include 1879 Africa. In the causal graph this event strengthens Democratic Resilience, a driver that strengthens Having a say in government — an improving welfare path.

Sources: [1][2]

Read the full account

In the 1870s Hugo issued Actes et paroles, collecting political speeches as a public book.

Context

A collected speech-book can include 1879 Africa.

Victor Hugo’s documented role is bounded by other offices and collaborators named in the sources below.

Why it matters

Keep 18 May 1879 inside it as a separate harm.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Victor Hugo

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.55 · verified

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

    1. FactActes et paroles collects the political speeches as a public record
    2. strengthensDriverDemocratic Resilience
    3. strengthensIndicators (3)Having a say in government
    Improving path

    impact weight 0.5 · Effect from 1 January 1875 · verified

    • Having a say in government

      via Democratic Resilience

      Better

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.35 (weight 0.5 × strength 0.7)

      Observed

      29.8% of population aged 16-65 years · 8.13 below the normal line (2023)

      Worse than normal

      Two readings: 30.2% of population aged 16-65 years (2021) and 29.8% of population aged 16-65 years (2023).

      20212023

      Above normal = better

    • Clean elections index

      via Democratic Resilience

      Better

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.23 (weight 0.5 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      0.53 score from 0 to 1 · 0.34 below the normal line (2024)

      Worse than normal

      125 readings, 1900–2024: rose from 0.17 score from 0 to 1 to 0.53 score from 0 to 1.

      Above normal = better

    • WJP Rule of Law Index (global)

      via Democratic Resilience

      Better

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.23 (weight 0.5 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      0.55 index score (0-1) · 0.26 below the normal line (2024)

      Worse than normal

      Above normal = better

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Britannica — Victor HugoEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Gallica — Bibliothèque nationale de FranceBibliothèque nationale de France · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Gallica’s Actes et paroles and Britannica independently describe the collected political prose.

Established: public Actes et paroles volumes. Not established: that the collection is a statute book.

Contribution type is direct.

Later museums, UNESCO listings, Loeb reprints, and 2024–2025 COP or NATO rows are not this event. Responsibility 0.55 and influence 0.55 bound the path; they are not a personality score. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here. Readers should open both named URLs.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorVictor Hugo
  2. contributed toFactActes et paroles collects the political speeches as a public record
  3. strengthensDriverDemocratic Resilience
  4. strengthensIndicatorHaving a say in government

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). Actes et paroles collects the political speeches as a public record. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/hug-actes-paroles

https://factrail.ai/facts/hug-actes-paroles

Accessed 16 October 2026.

By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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