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eventVerified

Louis-Philippe names Hugo pair de France in the Chambre des pairs

On 13 April 1845 Hugo was named pair de France. In the causal graph this event weakens Democratic Resilience, a driver that strengthens Having a say in government — a worsening welfare path.

Sources: [1][2]

Read the full account

On 13 April 1845 Hugo was named pair de France.

Context

A peer can later vote against a coup. Split death-penalty speeches as justice.

Victor Hugo’s documented role is bounded by other offices and collaborators named in the sources below.

Why it matters

Entering an appointed peerage concentrated literary prestige inside unreformed monarchy.

A peerage is not Notre-Dame de Paris.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Victor Hugo

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.55 · verified

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

    1. FactLouis-Philippe names Hugo pair de France in the Chambre des pairs
    2. weakensDriverDemocratic Resilience
    3. strengthensIndicators (3)Having a say in government
    Worsening path

    impact weight 0.5 · Effect from 13 April 1845 · verified

    Entering an appointed peerage concentrated literary prestige inside unreformed monarchy.

    • Having a say in government

      via Democratic Resilience

      Worse

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.35 (weight 0.5 × strength 0.7)

      Observed

      29.8% of population aged 16-65 years · 8.13 below the normal line (2023)

      Worse than normal

      Two readings: 30.2% of population aged 16-65 years (2021) and 29.8% of population aged 16-65 years (2023).

      20212023

      Above normal = better

    • Clean elections index

      via Democratic Resilience

      Worse

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.23 (weight 0.5 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      0.53 score from 0 to 1 · 0.34 below the normal line (2024)

      Worse than normal

      125 readings, 1900–2024: rose from 0.17 score from 0 to 1 to 0.53 score from 0 to 1.

      Above normal = better

    • WJP Rule of Law Index (global)

      via Democratic Resilience

      Worse

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.23 (weight 0.5 × strength 0.45)

      Observed

      0.55 index score (0-1) · 0.26 below the normal line (2024)

      Worse than normal

      Above normal = better

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Britannica — Victor HugoEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Académie française — Victor HugoAcadémie française · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Académie/Britannica chronology and French parliamentary history independently date the 1845 peerage.

Established: 1845 pair de France. Not established: that the seat created a unique modern democracy coefficient.

Contribution type is direct.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorVictor Hugo
  2. contributed toFactLouis-Philippe names Hugo pair de France in the Chambre des pairs
  3. weakensDriverDemocratic Resilience
  4. strengthensIndicatorHaving a say in government

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). Louis-Philippe names Hugo pair de France in the Chambre des pairs. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/hug-pair-1845

https://factrail.ai/facts/hug-pair-1845

Accessed 17 October 2026.

By the · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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