War and Peace is completed as a dated serial-and-book instrument of the 1860s
Across the later 1860s Tolstoy serialised and then closed War and Peace (received completion 1869). It is not a later film or a 2000 HTML file he operated. In the causal graph this event strengthens Digital Learning Access, a driver that weakens Learning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries) — an improving welfare path.
Read the full account
Across the later 1860s Tolstoy serialised and then closed War and Peace (received completion 1869). It is not a later film or a 2000 HTML file he operated.
Context
The National Library of Russia holds the printed national file; Gutenberg carries a public-domain English. Those are different pages. Sophia Tolstaya’s copying labour is named on the related-person edge, not erased here.
Leo Tolstoy’s documented role is bounded by other offices and collaborators named in the sources below.
Conventional years are 1828–1910. Surviving public files are later museum pages, collected-works sites, library catalogues, and encyclopedias. Tolstoy did not typeset those later pages.
Why it matters
Knowledge-access path. High confidence on the 1860s publication cluster.
Who was responsible
Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.
Leo Tolstoy
PersonDirect responsibility
responsibility level 0.4 · verified
He wrote the novel. Serial editors and later translators share publication.
What changed
Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.
- FactWar and Peace is completed as a dated serial-and-book instrument of the 1860s
- strengthensDriverDigital Learning Access
- weakensIndicators (3)Learning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries)
impact weight 0.5 · Effect from 1 January 1869 · verified
A completed historical novel increased copyable public access to a reading of 1812, family, and command.
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.2 (weight 0.5 × strength 0.4)
Observed
70% of 10-year-olds · 70 above the normal line (2022)
Worse than normalTwo readings: 57% of 10-year-olds (2019) and 70% of 10-year-olds (2022).
20192022 Above normal = worse
Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.17 (weight 0.5 × strength 0.35)
Observed
472 PISA score points · 28 below the normal line (2022)
Worse than normal7 readings, 2003–2022: fell from 499 PISA score points to 472 PISA score points.
Above normal = better
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.15 (weight 0.5 × strength 0.3)
Observed
11% of primary-school-age children · 11 above the normal line (2023)
Worse than normalAbove normal = worse
Evidence
The sources behind this fact and its verification state.
- 1.War and Peace — public-domain English textProject Gutenberg · High credibility · verified
- 2.National Library of Russia — English portalNational Library of Russia · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish
NLR’s public library portal and Gutenberg’s English independently document the work as a dated book.
Established: War and Peace was completed and published in the 1860s, conventionally 1869. Not established: a unique modern welfare series from the novel.
Leo Tolstoy did not file a later UNESCO form, a later Loeb colophon, or a later museum label as a personal act. A novel is not a ministry of education. A novel is not a ministry of education.
Causal path
How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.
- ActorLeo Tolstoy
- contributed toFactWar and Peace is completed as a dated serial-and-book instrument of the 1860s
- strengthensDriverDigital Learning Access
- weakensIndicatorLearning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries)
Cite this page
Factrail. (2026). War and Peace is completed as a dated serial-and-book instrument of the 1860s. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/lt-war-and-peace-1869
https://factrail.ai/facts/lt-war-and-peace-1869
Accessed 16 October 2026.
By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed
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