Phidias and members of Pericles’ circle are prosecuted in the late 430s

In the late 430s Phidias and others of Pericles’ circle were prosecuted in stories of embezzlement and impiety. The dated judicial attack is not the 430 fine of Pericles and not the Parthenon as fabric. Pericles’s documented role is: Later lives report prosecutions of Phidias, and attacks on Aspasia and Anaxagoras, as strikes at Pericles. Courts sat; he was the political target; unique charge-sheets are thin. Circle-prosecutions are a different instrument. Later editors, printers, and excavators remain named where they appear.

Context

Ivory-and-gold accounting, unnamed jurors, and later comic poets already structure the file. A circle-trial is not unique authorship of Athena’s statue. Medium confidence is stated because later lives conflate years. Named others on the file: Phidias, Aspasia, Anaxagoras as neighbouring targets, unnamed jurors, and later Plutarch share the heading. The public setting is the file around -0438-01-01. The instrument stays Phidias and members of Pericles’ circle are prosecuted in the late 430s. The setting of Phidias and members of Pericles’ circle are prosecuted in the late 430s is the public file around -0438-01-01. Driver justice-judicial-independence-erosion is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.

That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.

Why it matters

Medium confidence on unique charge-sheets. Welfare reading worsening. The attached mechanism is A dated judicial attack on the building-and-household circle polarised late-430s Athens as a justice heading. Lag to any modern indicator is not treated as zero. This path is attached because the mechanism is named from this act, not because a driver list needed coverage. The welfare reading on this path is worsening.

Shared responsibility is part of Phidias and members of Pericles’ circle are prosecuted in the late 430s. Naming Pericles does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from -0438-01-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.