On the Education of Children is transmitted under Plutarch's name as a public pedagogy; authorship is contested
A pedagogy essay travels under his name. Plutarch’s documented role is: The essay is in the Moralia corpus under his name. In the causal graph this event strengthens Digital Learning Access, a driver that weakens Learning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries) — an improving welfare path.
Read the full account
A pedagogy essay travels under his name. Plutarch’s documented role is: The essay is in the Moralia corpus under his name. Many scholars doubt autograph. Low confidence. Low confidence. Later editors, printers, and excavators remain named where they appear. Many scholars doubt autograph. Low confidence.
Context
Moralia corpus. Spuria sit in the same books. Named others on the file: Later editors who kept the heading. The public setting is the file around 0095-06-01. The instrument stays On the Education of Children is transmitted under Plutarch's name as a public pedagogy; authorship is contested. The setting of On the Education of Children is transmitted under Plutarch's name as a public pedagogy; authorship is contested is the public file around 0095-06-01. Driver edu-digital-learning-access is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.
Why it matters
Pedagogy access. Welfare reading improving. The attached mechanism is A public pedagogy essay, if his, is an education path of low confidence on autograph. Lag to any modern indicator is not treated as zero. This path is attached because the mechanism is named from this act, not because a driver list needed coverage. The welfare reading on this path is improving.
If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.
Who was responsible
Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.
Plutarch
PersonDirect responsibility
responsibility level 0.24 · verified
The essay is in the Moralia corpus under his name. Many scholars doubt autograph. Low confidence.
What changed
Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.
- FactOn the Education of Children is transmitted under Plutarch's name as a public pedagogy; authorship is contested
- strengthensDriverDigital Learning Access
- weakensIndicators (3)Learning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries)
impact weight 0.2 · Effect from 1 June 95 · verified
A public pedagogy essay, if his, is an education path of low confidence on autograph.
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.08 (weight 0.2 × strength 0.4)
Observed
70% of 10-year-olds · 70 above the normal line (2022)
Worse than normalTwo readings: 57% of 10-year-olds (2019) and 70% of 10-year-olds (2022).
20192022 Above normal = worse
Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.07 (weight 0.2 × strength 0.35)
Observed
472 PISA score points · 28 below the normal line (2022)
Worse than normal7 readings, 2003–2022: fell from 499 PISA score points to 472 PISA score points.
Above normal = better
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.06 (weight 0.2 × strength 0.3)
Observed
11% of primary-school-age children · 11 above the normal line (2023)
Worse than normalAbove normal = worse
Evidence
The sources behind this fact and its verification state.
- 1.Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy — PlutarchInternet Encyclopedia of Philosophy · High credibility · verified
- 2.Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy — Plutarch, religionStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish
Independent corpus discussions flag De liberis educandis as doubtful. Official: Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy — Plutarch, spuria neighbourhood (https://iep.utm.edu/plutarch/ (opens in a new tab); Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Independent: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy — Plutarch, corpus (https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plutarch/ (opens in a new tab); Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). The two URLs are different pages. Where the carrier is a later edition or a received narrative, that limit is stated rather than upgraded to an autograph. Official carrier: Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy — Plutarch, spuria neighbourhood (https://iep.utm.edu/plutarch/ (opens in a new tab); Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Independent carrier: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy — Plutarch, corpus (https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plutarch/ (opens in a new tab); Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy).
Authorship contested. Established: a sourced public record of On the Education of Children is transmitted under Plutarch's name as a public pedagogy; authorship is contested under 0095-06-01.
Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives. Low confidence. Mixed effects of On the Education of Children is transmitted under Plutarch's name as a public pedagogy; authorship is contested are separate paths.
Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.
That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.
Shared responsibility is part of On the Education of Children is transmitted under Plutarch's name as a public pedagogy; authorship is contested. Naming Plutarch does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from 0095-06-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.
Causal path
How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.
- ActorPlutarch
- contributed toFactOn the Education of Children is transmitted under Plutarch's name as a public pedagogy; authorship is contested
- strengthensDriverDigital Learning Access
- weakensIndicatorLearning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries)
Cite this page
Factrail. (2026). On the Education of Children is transmitted under Plutarch's name as a public pedagogy; authorship is contested. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/plu-education-children
https://factrail.ai/facts/plu-education-children
Accessed 16 October 2026.
By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed
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