Near balanceFormula-derived score
Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640), painter-diplomat of the Habsburg Netherlands. Born Siegen in Nassau exile — do not flatten to modern Germany. Documented harms: Archduke reconquest office, workshop rents, Medici and Whitehall propaganda, Jesuit spectacle, copy market.
Not rated yet: the verified records linked to this person, without a numeric impact.
31 March 1636 · Driver: Democratic Resilience
1 January 1636 · Driver: Humanitarian Access
17 April 1635 · Driver: Political Polarization
6 December 1630 · Driver: Protection of Minority Rights
The page is not a modern German biography and not a unique peace saint. The heaviest documented costs in the public file are Habsburg reconquest-court office, workshop and tapestry labour, Medici and Whitehall absolutist speech, Jesuit spectacle, copy-market rents, and later nationalist flattening of a Siegen exile birth. The offsets are real and dated: Italian study, 1608 Antwerp civic return, a still-public cathedral altarpiece, a 1630 diplomatic mission, a shop that also trained, and later Louvre/Prado/KMSKA/NG doors. He did not file 1819 museums or 1877 nation-pageants. Registrars and commemorators did that adjacent work. Confidence is high on those pages, medium on hunt-spectacle.
Indicators this person’s verified facts reach. No score contribution is assigned; the observed state is the indicator’s own reading.
Linked through a verified fact
Observed
0.53 · 0.34 below the normal line (2024)
Worse than normal125 readings, 1900–2024: rose from 0.17 to 0.53.
Above normal = better
Linked through a verified fact
Observed
42.5 index score (0-100) · 7.53 below the normal line (Dec 2025)
Worse than normalAbove normal = better
Linked through a verified fact
Observed
29.8% of population aged 16-65 years · 8.13 below the normal line (2023)
Worse than normalTwo readings: 30.2% of population aged 16-65 years (2021) and 29.8% of population aged 16-65 years (2023).
Above normal = better
Linked through a verified fact
Observed
70% of 10-year-olds · 70 above the normal line (2022)
Worse than normalTwo readings: 57% of 10-year-olds (2019) and 70% of 10-year-olds (2022).
Above normal = worse
Linked through a verified fact
Observed
11% of primary-school-age children · 11 above the normal line (2023)
Worse than normalAbove normal = worse
Linked through a verified fact
Observed
69M people (stock, end-of-year) · 28M above the normal line (2025)
Worse than normal3 readings, 2023–2025: rose from 68M people (stock, end-of-year) to 69M people (stock, end-of-year).
Above normal = worse
Claims against the record, the type of responsibility, and what is disputed.
Claimed
What happened
Responsibility
responsibility level 0.45
responsibility level 0.32
responsibility level 0.36
responsibility level 0.35
What could change this assessment
Person → Fact → Driver → Indicator. Select a path to inspect its factors; the full network opens on demand.
The most relevant dated facts, newest first.
31 March 1636 · Democratic Resilience
The Whitehall Banqueting House ceiling glorifies the Stuart monarchy as divine-right spectacle1 January 1636 · Humanitarian Access
The Torre de la Parada cycle is commissioned as a royal hunting-lodge myth-and-hunt decoration for Philip IV17 April 1635 · Political Polarization
Pompa Introitus Ferdinandi designs a public Antwerp triumphal entry for the Cardinal-Infante as Habsburg reconquest spectacle6 December 1630 · Protection of Minority Rights
The 1630 marriage to Hélène Fourment organises a public late household of a much younger wife as court display15 November 1630 · Humanitarian Access
Rubens’s English mission helps prepare the 1630 Anglo-Spanish peace as a dated diplomatic instrument15 November 1630 · Humanitarian Access
The 1630 Anglo-Spanish peace serves Habsburg and Stuart interest, not a universal relief statuteHow the record is sourced and how the score is derived.
30 of 30 linked facts verified, drawing on 12 distinct sources (1577–1636).
Sources include Historic Royal Palaces, National Gallery of Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerpen, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Royal Collection Trust, The National Gallery, London, Museo Nacional del Prado.
Sources (showing 8 of 12)
The score is formula-derived (Factrail formula v1, version 1.0.0), not an editorial verdict. Read the methodology.
By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed · Sources: 12
An excerpt; the full analysis opens on request.
The first fact about Peter Paul Rubens in a public catalog is a polity, not a modern flag. He was born 28 June 1577 at Siegen in Nassau exile (Britannica https://www.britannica.com/biography/Peter-Paul-Rubens (opens in a new tab)) and made his career as court painter of the Habsburg Netherlands in Antwerp (KMSKA https://kmska.be/en (opens in a new tab)). Country is stored as Habsburg Netherlands. The 1609 appointment to Albert and Isabella is visual service to a Catholic Habsburg court after the Dutch Revolt. After Albert’s 13 July 1621 death he remained Isabella’s painter-envoy as war resumed. The bottega (Met Heilbrunn https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/rben/hd_rben.htm (opens in a new tab)) extracted assistant labour, including young Van Dyck, under a brand — split from the shop as school. The Marie de’ Medici cycle, installed 1625 (Louvre https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ (opens in a new tab); https://www.louvre.fr/en (opens in a new tab)), is absolutist palace biography. Jesuit-church spectacle around 1620 polarised a confessional visual field. The 1628–29 Madrid stay (Prado https://www.museodelprado.es/en (opens in a new tab)) was painter-envoy opacity. Whitehall’s 1636 ceiling (HRP https://www.hrp.org.uk/banqueting-house/ (opens in a new tab)) stages Stuart divine right. Hunt canvases (National Gallery https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/peter-paul-rubens (opens in a new tab)) are wounding-as-style of medium confidence. The 6 December 1630 marriage to Hélène Fourment is a legal-public household picture file, not gossip. The 1630 Anglo-Spanish settlement (Royal Collection https://www.rct.uk/collection (opens in a new tab)) is two rows: partisan Habsburg-Stuart interest, and a dated diplomatic pause in maritime war. Offsets are URLs with later dates. 1600–08 Italy is a study period. 1608 Antwerp return reconstitutes civic-and-church pictures. The Descent remains in Our Lady’s Cathedral. Louvre, Prado, KMSKA, NG, RCT, NGA, and Met are later doors. The shop trained as well as extracted. What the score must not say: that Siegen is a German nationality; that a hunt is a treaty; that 1630 unpaid 1609; that Van Dyck painted the Medici cycle as the only hand; that Whitehall is a constitution. Complex contribution is the honest type. Confidence is high on court dates and museum doors; medium on hunt-spectacle and unique 1630 casualty coefficients. 1577 is not 1609. 1609 is not 1621. 1625 Luxembourg is not later Louvre. 1630 peace is not 1636 ceiling. Hostile slogan and hagiography are both refused. Off-family padding — a health series nailed to a hunt without a public-health instrument — is refused. Keep Siegen, Antwerp, 1609, 1625, 1630, and 1636 on separate dates. Later Loeb, UNESCO, and encyclopedia pages are evidence, not additional acts.
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