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Loeb Catilinarians put the four speeches into cheap facing-page English

Harvard’s Loeb orations issued the Catilinarians as Greek-less Latin-English for students. In the causal graph this event strengthens Digital Learning Access, a driver that weakens Learning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries) — an improving welfare path.

Sources: [1][2]

Read the full account

Harvard’s Loeb orations issued the Catilinarians as Greek-less Latin-English for students. He did not see 1920.

Context

Access spreads both the coup-warning and the execution heading.

Cicero is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

Why it matters

A 1920 Loeb is not a 63 BCE senate minute.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Cicero

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.32 · verified

    Named orator as heading of later editions. Editors, printers, and later republican readers publish the instrument.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.The Orations of Marcus Tullius Cicero — public-domain EnglishProject Gutenberg · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Harvard / Loeb — Cicero, Orations (Catilinarians)Harvard University Press · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here. Confidence is stated on the impact path.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorCicero
  2. contributed toFactLoeb Catilinarians put the four speeches into cheap facing-page English
  3. strengthensDriverDigital Learning Access
  4. weakensIndicatorLearning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries)

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). Loeb Catilinarians put the four speeches into cheap facing-page English. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/cic-loeb-catilinarians

https://factrail.ai/facts/cic-loeb-catilinarians

Accessed 16 October 2026.

By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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