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Perseus publishes public Catilinarians, Philippics, and letters as searchable text

The Perseus Digital Library put Ciceronian Latin-English on stable public URLs. In the causal graph this event strengthens Digital Learning Access, a driver that weakens Learning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries) — an improving welfare path.

Sources: [1][2]

Read the full account

The Perseus Digital Library put Ciceronian Latin-English on stable public URLs. It is not a new palimpsest.

Context

Searchable invective is access. Harms stay on speech rows.

Cicero is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

Why it matters

A Perseus URL is not a Palatine autograph.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Cicero

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.24 · verified

    Named orator as heading of later editions. Editors, printers, and later republican readers publish the instrument.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy — CiceroStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.Perseus — Cicero, In CatilinamPerseus Digital Library / Tufts · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here. Confidence is stated on the impact path.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorCicero
  2. contributed toFactPerseus publishes public Catilinarians, Philippics, and letters as searchable text
  3. strengthensDriverDigital Learning Access
  4. weakensIndicatorLearning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries)

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). Perseus publishes public Catilinarians, Philippics, and letters as searchable text. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/cic-perseus-public

https://factrail.ai/facts/cic-perseus-public

Accessed 16 October 2026.

By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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