Handbook chronology places Democritus' birth about 460 BCE; this catalog stores that as received dating, not a civil register
About 460 BCE is handbook birth, not a surviving register. Democritus’s documented role is: Apollodorus-style later dating is the public year. In the causal graph this event strengthens Digital Learning Access, a driver that weakens Learning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries) — an improving welfare path.
Read the full account
About 460 BCE is handbook birth, not a surviving register. Democritus’s documented role is: Apollodorus-style later dating is the public year. He did not file a birth certificate. Later editors, printers, and excavators remain named where they appear. He did not file a birth certificate.
Context
Later chronological tables. Named others on the file: Later chronographers. The public setting is the file around -0460-01-01. Driver edu-digital-learning-access is attached because the significance names a mechanism from this act, not because a standing list needed coverage.
Why it matters
Chronology honesty. Welfare reading improving. Lag to any modern indicator is not treated as zero. This path is attached because the mechanism is named from this act, not because a driver list needed coverage. The welfare reading on this path is improving.
If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here.
Who was responsible
Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.
Democritus
PersonDirect responsibility
responsibility level 0.16 · verified
Apollodorus-style later dating is the public year. He did not file a birth certificate.
What changed
Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.
- FactHandbook chronology places Democritus' birth about 460 BCE; this catalog stores that as received dating, not a civil register
- strengthensDriverDigital Learning Access
- weakensIndicators (3)Learning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries)
impact weight 0.1 · Effect from 1 January 460 · verified
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.04 (weight 0.1 × strength 0.4)
Observed
70% of 10-year-olds · 70 above the normal line (2022)
Worse than normalTwo readings: 57% of 10-year-olds (2019) and 70% of 10-year-olds (2022).
20192022 Above normal = worse
Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.03 (weight 0.1 × strength 0.35)
Observed
472 PISA score points · 28 below the normal line (2022)
Worse than normal7 readings, 2003–2022: fell from 499 PISA score points to 472 PISA score points.
Above normal = better
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.03 (weight 0.1 × strength 0.3)
Observed
11% of primary-school-age children · 11 above the normal line (2023)
Worse than normalAbove normal = worse
Evidence
The sources behind this fact and its verification state.
- 1.Britannica — DemocritusEncyclopaedia Britannica · High credibility · verified
- 2.Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy — DemocritusStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish
Britannica and SEP give conventional years with uncertainty. Official: Britannica — Democritus (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Democritus (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy — Democritus (https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/democritus/ (opens in a new tab); Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). The two URLs are different pages. Where the carrier is a later edition or a received narrative, that limit is stated rather than upgraded to an autograph. Official carrier: Britannica — Democritus (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Democritus (opens in a new tab); Encyclopaedia Britannica). Independent carrier: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy — Democritus (https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/democritus/ (opens in a new tab); Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy).
Low confidence on the exact year.
Confidence is stated on the impact path, not hidden in adjectives.
Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, museums, and adaptations are not converted into extra lifetime acts.
That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself.
Naming Democritus does not delete co-authors, institutions, or later transmitters. The lag from -0460-01-01 to any measured indicator is not treated as zero. Alternative explanations — weather, other armies, later statutes, or independent cultural change — remain live where the sources do not close them.
Causal path
How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.
- ActorDemocritus
- contributed toFactHandbook chronology places Democritus' birth about 460 BCE; this catalog stores that as received dating, not a civil register
- strengthensDriverDigital Learning Access
- weakensIndicatorLearning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries)
Cite this page
Factrail. (2026). Handbook chronology places Democritus' birth about 460 BCE; this catalog stores that as received dating, not a civil register. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/dem-conventional-years
https://factrail.ai/facts/dem-conventional-years
Accessed 16 October 2026.
By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed
Dispute this factNamed here, or represent someone who is? Request a right of reply.