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Swachh Bharat Mission is launched

On 2 October 2014 Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Swachh Bharat Mission, a national sanitation campaign aiming to end open defecation and expand household toilets. In the causal graph this event strengthens Health-System Capacity, a driver that strengthens Hospital beds (per 1,000 people) — an improving welfare path.

Swachh Bharat Mission is launched

Sources: [1][2]

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On 2 October 2014 Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Swachh Bharat Mission, a national sanitation campaign aiming to end open defecation and expand household toilets.

Context

The Drinking Water and Sanitation Ministry (later Jal Shakti) implemented. States built toilets. Usage and water supply lagged in independent studies. He owned the mission. He did not sit as every mason.

Jal Jeevan in 2019 is a neighbouring later water-supply mission. Toilet-construction statistics are neighbouring later administrative series.

The Prime Minister of India is head of the Union Council of Ministers. Parliament writes statutes; the President assents; states and Union ministries implement; the Supreme Court can strike a scheme down. A prime minister can announce demonetisation, drive a bill, and take an oath. He does not write a UNFCCC depositary record, an ISRO telemetry file, or a Supreme Court judgment by himself.

Why it matters

The path is health-system-adjacent sanitation: a completed national toilet mission is a dated public-health access instrument, with usage still contested.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Narendra Modi

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.6 · verified

    He launched the mission. States and the sanitation ministry implemented. Households still have to use toilets.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

    1. FactSwachh Bharat Mission is launched
    2. strengthensDriverHealth-System Capacity
    3. strengthensIndicators (2)Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)
    Improving path

    impact weight 0.4 · Effect from 2 October 2014 · verified

    A completed national sanitation mission is a dated expected reduction in open-defecation exposure, with usage still contested.

    • Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)

      via Health-System Capacity

      Better

      Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.24 (weight 0.4 × strength 0.6)

      Observed

      3.08 Per 1000 people · 1.24 below the normal line (2023)

      Worse than normal

      6 readings, 2018–2023: rose from 3.07 Per 1000 people to 3.08 Per 1000 people.

      Above normal = better

    • Under-five mortality rate (global)

      via Health-System Capacity

      Better

      Weakens · Relationship strength 0.2 (weight 0.4 × strength 0.5)

      Observed

      37.4 deaths per 1,000 live births · 12.4 above the normal line (2024)

      Worse than normal

      7 readings, 2018–2024: fell from 40 deaths per 1,000 live births to 37.4 deaths per 1,000 live births.

      Above normal = worse

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Reuters — India’s Modi launches sanitation campaignReuters · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.PMO — PM launches Swachh Bharat MissionPrime Minister’s Office of India · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Prime Minister’s Office of India carries the official instrument or communique. Reuters records the same dated act independently.

Established: a 2 October 2014 launch of Swachh Bharat as a national sanitation mission.

Not established: that every later ODF declaration matched independent usage surveys, or a unique later child-stunting coefficient from launch day.

States and the sanitation ministry implemented. Households still have to use toilets.. A later repeal, court stay, or successor order would be a different Fact with a different date. That pair identifies Swachh Bharat Mission is launched, not a later speech about Swachh Bharat Mission is launched.

Co-authors and later implementers named in Context remain on the file. If a later repeal, stay, or successor decree exists, it needs its own date and its own row. The contribution described on this Person row is limited to He launched the mission. Households still have to use toilets. That limit is the alternative to treating office-holding as authorship of every later series. The Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, the President, the Reserve Bank, state governments, the Election Commission, and foreign counterparties share specific files. Allegation is not a completed judgment. A Supreme Court striking-down is not a criminal conviction. A scheme notification is not a unique rupee coefficient. A UN pledge is not a delivered emissions path.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorNarendra Modi
  2. contributed toFactSwachh Bharat Mission is launched
  3. strengthensDriverHealth-System Capacity
  4. strengthensIndicatorHospital beds (per 1,000 people)

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). Swachh Bharat Mission is launched. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/in-swachh-bharat-2014

https://factrail.ai/facts/in-swachh-bharat-2014

Accessed 15 October 2026.

By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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