Skip to content
Muhammad

Muhammad

0

Near balanceFormula-derived score

Prophet of Islam and Medina community leader (received c. 570–632). Documented harms: Badr, clan expulsions, Qurayza, Khaybar tribute labour, Maghazi satirist reports.

Quranic recitation as public teachingMedina charter as later-recension community lawarmed Maghazi as dated force not as a modern party

Impact

Not rated yet: the verified records linked to this person, without a numeric impact.

Editorial assessment (context, not the score)

The record is not a marble prophet and not a modern politician of similar given name. The heaviest documented costs are Hijra as forced move, Badr and Uhud, clan expulsions, Qurayza's lethal sentence as later told, Khaybar tribute labour, and Maghazi satirist reports. Those rest on Britannica event pages, Cambridge chapters, and sira-as-later-narrative.

The offsets are also dated: recitation corpus, Medina charter as recension, Hudaybiyyah, 630 amnesty, zakat teaching. Companions share several files.

He did not typeset 1924. He did not sit for the mosque-door photograph. He is not Yunus and not Buhari. Confidence is high on Hijra and 630, medium on Qurayza integers and Maghazi killings.

Indicators affected

Indicators this person’s verified facts reach. No score contribution is assigned; the observed state is the indicator’s own reading.

Accountability & contradictions

Claims against the record, the type of responsibility, and what is disputed.

Claimed

What happened

Responsibility

What could change this assessment

  • 3 linked facts have no assessed welfare direction yet.
  • Lifetime coverage has not been assessed: the record reflects stored facts only (0610–0632).

Causal path

Person → Fact → Driver → Indicator. Select a path to inspect its factors; the full network opens on demand.

  1. PersonMuhammad
  2. FactMuhammad dies at Medina without a written succession statute in the public file used here
  3. DriverPolitical Polarization
  1. PersonMuhammad
  2. FactMuhammad delivers the Farewell sermon on pilgrimage as later dated public speech
  3. DriverProtection of Minority Rights
  1. PersonMuhammad
  2. FactA recited Quranic corpus exists by Muhammad's death, not as a closed 1924 printed mushaf
  3. DriverDigital Learning Access

Timeline

The most relevant dated facts, newest first.

  1. 8 June 632 · Political Polarization

    Muhammad dies at Medina without a written succession statute in the public file used here

  2. 1 March 632 · Protection of Minority Rights

    Muhammad delivers the Farewell sermon on pilgrimage as later dated public speech

  3. 1 January 632 · Digital Learning Access

    A recited Quranic corpus exists by Muhammad's death, not as a closed 1924 printed mushaf

  4. 1 January 631 · Fiscal-Policy Sustainability

    The Tabuk expedition levies a northern campaign as later Maghazi date it

  5. 1 February 630 · Humanitarian Access

    Hunayn and the siege of Ta'if follow the Mecca entry as later dated force

  6. 15 January 630 · Social Cohesion

    Idols are removed from the Kaaba after the 630 entry as later sira dates it

Evidence & methodology

How the record is sourced and how the score is derived.

30 of 30 linked facts verified, drawing on 13 distinct sources (0610–0632).

Sources include Encyclopaedia Britannica, Sunnah.com, The British Library, Quran.com, Quranic Arabic Corpus / University of Leeds.

Sources (showing 8 of 13)

  1. 1.Britannica — Muhammad, public Meccan preachingEncyclopaedia Britannica
  2. 2.Britannica — Medina, pre-Hijra pledgesEncyclopaedia Britannica
  3. 3.Britannica — Mecca, late Meccan yearsEncyclopaedia Britannica
  4. 4.Britannica — Qur'an, Medinan ritual headingsEncyclopaedia Britannica
  5. 5.Sunnah.com — later hadith carriers of farewell-sermon reportsSunnah.com
  6. 6.British Library — The Holy Qur'an article as later public carrierThe British Library
  7. 7.Britannica — Battle of the DitchEncyclopaedia Britannica
  8. 8.Britannica — Battle of UhudEncyclopaedia Britannica

The score is formula-derived (Factrail formula v1, version 1.0.0), not an editorial verdict. Read the methodology.

By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed · Sources: 13

Expert analysis

An excerpt; the full analysis opens on request.

The offices he actually held

Muhammad is a Meccan reciter who became a Medina referee and commander. Britannica at https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad (opens in a new tab), the Hijrah article at https://www.britannica.com/event/Hijrah-Islam (opens in a new tab), and Quran pages at https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quran (opens in a new tab) are independent lives, not causal datasets. Corpus at https://corpus.quran.com/ (opens in a new tab) and Quran.com at https://quran.com/ (opens in a new tab) are later text machines. The British Library at https://www.bl.uk/sacred-texts/articles/the-holy-qur-an (opens in a new tab) locates a public Quran file. Sunnah.com at https://sunnah.com/ (opens in a new tab) is a later hadith carrier. Cambridge History of Islam chapters at https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-islam/ (opens in a new tab) and Fordham's Islamic sourcebook at https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/islam/islamsbook.asp (opens in a new tab) are independent neighbourhoods.

The Person-page image is a mosque door on Wikimedia. It is not a lifetime likeness. No contemporary portrait is used.

What went wrong, and what is proven

Badr (https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Badr (opens in a new tab)) and Uhud (https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Uhud (opens in a new tab)) are dated fights. The Ditch (https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Ditch (opens in a new tab)) is a siege. Qaynuqa and Nadir are clan expulsions in the Medina file (https://www.britannica.com/place/Medina-Saudi-Arabia (opens in a new tab)). Qurayza is a lethal sentence Muhammad accepted in the later sira; unique integers are not invented here. Khaybar is conquest plus tribute labour. Maghazi satirist killings remain later narrative. Tabuk is a levy. Death in 632 left no recovered succession statute.

None of those rows require a theory of prophecy. They require a distinction between a charter, a battle, a sentence, and a later mushaf.

What improved, and how far

The recitation corpus, Aqaba pledges, Constitution of Medina (https://www.britannica.com/topic/Constitution-of-Medina (opens in a new tab)), Hudaybiyyah, 630 amnesty at Mecca (https://www.britannica.com/place/Mecca (opens in a new tab)), zakat teaching, and the Farewell sermon as recension are the cohesion and education path. Sharing them with clans, scribes, and pilgrims is required.

Shared responsibility, and what this does not say

The dossier does not say that Muhammad sat for a portrait. It does not say that 1924 Cairo is 610. It does not say that this Person is Muhammad Yunus or Muhammadu Buhari. It does not invent a unique Qurayza headcount. Confidence is high on Hijra, Badr, Uhud, 630, and 632 as handbook chronology, medium on charter recension and Maghazi killings, low on letter-objects.

Related people on this page are Khadija, Abu Bakr, Umar, Ali, Aisha, Abu Talib, Heraclius as letter counterpart, Jesus as received prophetic predecessor in Islamic teaching, Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, and Hamza.

Dates, carriers, and what not to split

610 is recitation. 622 is Hijra and, separately, a charter recension. 624 is Badr, qibla, Ramadan, Qaynuqa. 625 is Uhud and Nadir. 627 is Trench then Qurayza. 628 is Hudaybiyyah then Khaybar. 630 is amnesty then idols then Hunayn. 632 is sermon, corpus-as-left, and death. Keep those unmerged.

Official locators include Corpus Quran, Quran.com, Sunnah.com, and the British Library Quran article. Independent locators include Britannica biography and event pages, Cambridge History of Islam, Fordham, Iranica at https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/islam-in-iran-i-the-advent-of-islam (opens in a new tab), and Met Heilbrunn at https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/isla/hd_isla.htm (opens in a new tab) as later essays, not as 610 acts. Those URLs are not Wikipedia.

What would change the reading: a recovered 622 autograph charter with different parties; a Maghazi demonstration that satirist killings are later fiction only; a lifetime likeness. Until then the door stays a door.

Dispute a fact on this pageNamed here, or represent someone who is? Request a right of reply.