Near balanceFormula-derived score
Neronian adviser whose letters, tragedies, and Tacitean death reach the public through Loeb, Perseus, SEP, and a Berlin herm. Documented harms: court office, wealth-charge, forced suicide, household slavery. Pisonian membership is stored as accusation.
Not rated yet: the verified records linked to this person, without a numeric impact.
19 April 65 · Driver: Humanitarian Access
1 April 65 · Driver: Judicial Independence
1 September 63 · Driver: Social Cohesion
1 June 63 · Driver: Social Cohesion
The page is not a marble sage and not a unique author of every Neronian crime. The heaviest documented costs in public English are court office, a wealth-charge, household slavery, and a forced suicide. Pisonian membership remains an allegation. The offsets are Loeb/SEP access and humane-advice letters as a split path. He did not file 1917. Editors did that work. Confidence is high on those pages, medium on unique sums. Later Tacitus pages remain the dated record.
Indicators this person’s verified facts reach. No score contribution is assigned; the observed state is the indicator’s own reading.
Linked through a verified fact
Observed
0.62 · 0.25 below the normal line (2024)
Worse than normal125 readings, 1900–2024: rose from 0.37 to 0.62.
Above normal = better
Linked through a verified fact
Observed
0.53 · 0.34 below the normal line (2024)
Worse than normal125 readings, 1900–2024: rose from 0.17 to 0.53.
Above normal = better
Linked through a verified fact
Observed
42.5 index score (0-100) · 7.53 below the normal line (Dec 2025)
Worse than normalAbove normal = better
Linked through a verified fact
Observed
29.8% of population aged 16-65 years · 8.13 below the normal line (2023)
Worse than normalTwo readings: 30.2% of population aged 16-65 years (2021) and 29.8% of population aged 16-65 years (2023).
Above normal = better
Linked through a verified fact
Observed
70% of 10-year-olds · 70 above the normal line (2022)
Worse than normalTwo readings: 57% of 10-year-olds (2019) and 70% of 10-year-olds (2022).
Above normal = worse
Linked through a verified fact
Observed
11% of primary-school-age children · 11 above the normal line (2023)
Worse than normalAbove normal = worse
Claims against the record, the type of responsibility, and what is disputed.
Claimed
What happened
Responsibility
responsibility level 0.44
responsibility level 0.36
responsibility level 0.36
responsibility level 0.32
What could change this assessment
Person → Fact → Driver → Indicator. Select a path to inspect its factors; the full network opens on demand.
The most relevant dated facts, newest first.
19 April 65 · Humanitarian Access
A forced suicide in 65 CE is a completed imperial killing1 April 65 · Judicial Independence
A Pisonian-conspiracy accusation is a completed allegation, not a proven membership1 September 63 · Social Cohesion
De beneficiis is published as a treatise on gifts and social obligation1 June 63 · Social Cohesion
The letters advise treating enslaved persons as fellow-reasoners1 January 63 · Labour-Market Tightness
The Epistles print a household that uses enslaved labour while discussing kindness to slaves1 September 62 · Digital Learning Access
Naturales quaestiones treats floods, winds, and comets as a public physics bookHow the record is sourced and how the score is derived.
22 of 22 linked facts verified, drawing on 5 distinct sources (0041–0065).
Sources include Perseus Digital Library / Tufts, Harvard University Press, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Cambridge University Press.
Sources
The score is formula-derived (Factrail formula v1, version 1.0.0), not an editorial verdict. Read the methodology.
By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed · Sources: 5
An excerpt; the full analysis opens on request.
The first fact about Seneca is a court salary and a commanded death, not a marble sage. Tacitus Annals as Perseus https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0078 (opens in a new tab) and LacusCurtius https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Tacitus/home.html (opens in a new tab) print accusation and forced suicide. Britannica at https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lucius-Annaeus-Seneca-Roman-philosopher-and-statesman (opens in a new tab) and SEP at https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/seneca/ (opens in a new tab) mark wealth and court. Tragedies Loeb at https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674996021 (opens in a new tab) print palace killing. IEP at https://iep.utm.edu/seneca/ (opens in a new tab) is independent. The offsets are also URLs. Perseus letters at https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2007.01.0080 (opens in a new tab) and Gutenberg https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3794 (opens in a new tab) are access. Berlin Antikensammlung at https://www.smb.museum/en/museums-institutions/antikensammlung/home/ (opens in a new tab) presents a herm. UNESCO Rome at https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/91/ (opens in a new tab) is a later landscape. What the score must not say: that he is a proven Pisonian; that kindness-letters delete property; that 1917 is 65; that every later Nero crime is his handwriting. Complex contribution is the honest type. Confidence is high on Tacitus-as-public and the letters as books, medium on unique money sums, low on unique speechwriter coefficients. Related people are Nero, Burrus, Tacitus, Paul as later pairing. 1917 is a Loeb. 65 is received on a later carrier. Accusation is not membership. The useful question is which later public pages still move court office, slavery, and commanded death under his name. Keep exile court accusation and death on separate dates. Later Loeb, UNESCO, and encyclopedia pages are evidence, not additional acts. Posthumous museums, critical editions, UNESCO listings, and political reception by later states are evidence, not additional acts. Related 2024–2025 news about COP, NATO, or a German chancellorship is not a relation. Hostile vita slander is not upgraded. Off-family indicator padding is refused. Confidence is high on named public pages, medium on unique coefficients, low on anecdote.
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