Revised Counter-Espionage Law of the PRC takes effect

State Council of the PRC carries the official instrument or communique. Reuters records the same dated act independently.

Established: a 1 July 2023 commencement of a revised Counter-Espionage Law expanding covered data and materials.

Not established: that every later consultancy raid was personally ordered, or a unique same-day investment coefficient.

MSS implements. Courts hear cases.. A later repeal, court stay, or successor order would be a different Fact with a different date. That pair identifies Revised Counter-Espionage Law of the PRC takes effect, not a later speech about Revised Counter-Espionage Law of the PRC takes effect.

Co-authors and later implementers named in Context remain on the file. If a later repeal, stay, or successor decree exists, it needs its own date and its own row. The contribution described on this Person row is limited to The NPC Standing Committee revised the law under a Party leadership he chairs. MSS implements. Courts hear cases. That limit is the alternative to treating office-holding as authorship of every later series. The National People’s Congress, the State Council, provincial governments, the People’s Liberation Army, Hong Kong’s executive, and foreign counterparties share specific files. Allegation is not a completed judgment. An OHCHR assessment is not a criminal conviction. A white paper is not a census. A UN pledge is not a delivered emissions path.