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The Guodian Chu slips are published as a scholarly book set

In 1998 the Wenwu Press publication of the Guodian Chu tomb slips made photographs and transcriptions of the Laozi bundles usable worldwide. In the causal graph this event strengthens Digital Learning Access, a driver that weakens Learning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries) — an improving welfare path.

Sources: [1][2]

Read the full account

In 1998 the Wenwu Press publication of the Guodian Chu tomb slips made photographs and transcriptions of the Laozi bundles usable worldwide.

Context

Excavation without publication is a closed pit. The 1998 book is the public access act.

Laozi is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.

Why it matters

A 1998 plate is not a 1993 spade. Split them.

A 1998 plate is not a 1993 spade. Split them.

Who was responsible

Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.

  • Laozi

    Person

    Direct responsibility

    responsibility level 0.28 · verified

    Traditional heading of the Daodejing plus later editors, excavators, temples, or states. Complex, not an autograph.

What changed

Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.

Evidence

The sources behind this fact and its verification state.

Verified2 sources on file
  1. 1.Harvard University Press — sinology list including Laozi studiesHarvard University Press · High credibility · verified
  2. 2.National Library of China — English portalNational Library of China · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish

Later competitions, monuments, translations, UNESCO listings, and museums are not converted into extra lifetime acts. That reading is an impact-path choice, not a property stored on the Fact itself. Confidence is stated on the impact path. A later English edition is not a recovered autograph. If a number is not in the two records named above, it is not supplied here. Confidence is stated on the impact path.

Causal path

How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.

  1. ActorLaozi
  2. contributed toFactThe Guodian Chu slips are published as a scholarly book set
  3. strengthensDriverDigital Learning Access
  4. weakensIndicatorLearning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries)

Cite this page

Factrail. (2026). The Guodian Chu slips are published as a scholarly book set. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/lz-jingmen-1998-publication

https://factrail.ai/facts/lz-jingmen-1998-publication

Accessed 16 October 2026.

By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed

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