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Le Corbusier

Le Corbusier

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Near balanceFormula-derived score

Le Corbusier (1887–1965), Swiss-French architect, published Plan Voisin, built Villa Savoye, Unité Marseille, Ronchamp, and Chandigarh’s Capitol, and sought Vichy work in 1940–42. Documented harms: demolition plans, colonial Obus, Vichy letters, Pessac’s inhabited revolt. Offsets: Five Points, Unité as housing-plus-services, Ronchamp, Assembly.

modernist tabula-rasa urbanism as a published planmachine-for-living housing that is both access and displacementVichy-era job-seeking stored as lettered allegation not as a court verdict

Impact

Not rated yet: the verified records linked to this person, without a numeric impact.

Editorial assessment (context, not the score)

The dossier is not a white-villa saint and not a convicted Vichy minister. The heaviest lifetime costs in the public file are published clearance plans (Voisin, Obus, Radiant City, Athens Charter, Saint-Dié), Chandigarh’s emptied lawns, Pessac’s mismatch, skewed furniture credit, Vichy approaches, and reported 1940 sentences — without turning 2015 journalism or 2016 listing into his acts. He died in 1965.

The offsets are also his: manifesto and Five Points, Savoye, Unité as services, Ronchamp, La Tourette, three Capitol buildings, Cabanon, Philips Pavilion, Carpenter Center, CIAM founding. Fondation, CMN, Chandigarh, BBC, and MoMA date the evidence. Confidence is high on buildings and plans, medium on letters, low on unique coefficients. Keep the demolition drawing and the chapel on different dates.

Indicators affected

Indicators this person’s verified facts reach. No score contribution is assigned; the observed state is the indicator’s own reading.

Accountability & contradictions

Claims against the record, the type of responsibility, and what is disputed.

Claimed

What happened

Responsibility

What could change this assessment

  • 7 linked facts have no assessed welfare direction yet.
  • Lifetime coverage has not been assessed: the record reflects stored facts only (1920–1963).

Causal path

Person → Fact → Driver → Indicator. Select a path to inspect its factors; the full network opens on demand.

  1. PersonLe Corbusier
  2. FactCarpenter Center for the Visual Arts at Harvard, his only North American building, opens as a ramp of studios through a university
  3. DriverDigital Learning Access
  1. PersonLe Corbusier
  2. FactThe Palace of Assembly at Chandigarh is completed as a legislative chamber under a hyperbolic tower and a vast portico
  3. DriverDemocratic Resilience
  1. PersonLe Corbusier
  2. FactSainte-Marie de La Tourette near Lyon is completed as a Dominican convent of cells, a church, and a public-accessible monastery of béton
  3. DriverSocial Cohesion

Timeline

The most relevant dated facts, newest first.

  1. 1 January 1963 · Digital Learning Access

    Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts at Harvard, his only North American building, opens as a ramp of studios through a university

  2. 1 January 1962 · Democratic Resilience

    The Palace of Assembly at Chandigarh is completed as a legislative chamber under a hyperbolic tower and a vast portico

  3. 1 January 1960 · Social Cohesion

    Sainte-Marie de La Tourette near Lyon is completed as a Dominican convent of cells, a church, and a public-accessible monastery of béton

  4. 17 April 1958 · Digital Learning Access

    Philips Pavilion at Expo 58 in Brussels, Le Corbusier with Iannis Xenakis and Varèse’s Poème électronique, is a temporary electronic-spatial exhibit

  5. 25 June 1955 · Social Cohesion

    Notre-Dame du Haut at Ronchamp is completed as a pilgrimage chapel of curved béton, light-wells, and a public hill

  6. 1 January 1953 · Fiscal-Policy Sustainability

    The Secretariat at Chandigarh is built as a long administrative bar of brise-soleil for a new capital’s civil service

Evidence & methodology

How the record is sourced and how the score is derived.

35 of 35 linked facts verified, drawing on 8 distinct sources (1920–1963).

Sources include Fondation Le Corbusier, Chandigarh Administration, Couvent de La Tourette, Association de la Chapelle Notre-Dame du Haut, Ville de Marseille, BBC News, Centre des monuments nationaux.

Sources

  1. 1.Fondation Le Corbusier — English portalFondation Le Corbusier
  2. 2.Chandigarh Administration — official portalChandigarh Administration
  3. 3.Ville de Marseille — official portalVille de Marseille
  4. 4.Fondation Le Corbusier — Controversies surrounding Le CorbusierFondation Le Corbusier
  5. 5.Couvent Sainte-Marie de La Tourette — official siteCouvent de La Tourette
  6. 6.Chapelle Notre-Dame du Haut, Ronchamp — official siteAssociation de la Chapelle Notre-Dame du Haut
  7. 7.BBC — Do fascist links discredit architect Le Corbusier?BBC News
  8. 8.Villa Savoye — official site (Centre des monuments nationaux)Centre des monuments nationaux

The score is formula-derived (Factrail formula v1, version 1.0.0), not an editorial verdict. Read the methodology.

By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed · Sources: 8

Expert analysis

An excerpt; the full analysis opens on request.

The first fact about Le Corbusier is a demolition drawing. Plan Voisin (1925) proposes to erase a living right-bank Paris for eighteen towers and cars. A dossier that opens with Ronchamp’s light-wells and never opens the Voisin plates is a statue. Locators: https://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/en/ (opens in a new tab) and https://www.britannica.com/biography/Le-Corbusier (opens in a new tab) .

BBC’s 2015 report independently summarises Vichy job-seeking and private 1940 sentences as archival extracts, not as a ministry he ran: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32546182 (opens in a new tab) . The Fondation’s own controversies page exists as the institutional file: https://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/en/thematic-folder/focus-on-the-controversies-surrounding-le-corbusier/ (opens in a new tab) . Plan Obus over Algiers, Saint-Dié’s refused rasura, Chandigarh’s village clearance, Pessac’s inhabited revolt, and Perriand’s credit are distinct instruments. Palace of Soviets and Centrosoyuz are Moscow on paper and in béton.

The offsets are real and also lifetime. Villa Savoye’s official CMN site is the house, not a listing year: https://www.villa-savoye.fr/en (opens in a new tab) and the Fondation archive https://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr/archive/architecture-savoye-villa-poissy-france-1928/ (opens in a new tab) . Ronchamp: https://www.collinenotredameduhaut.com/ (opens in a new tab) . La Tourette: https://www.couventdelatourette.fr/ (opens in a new tab) . Chandigarh Administration presents the Capitol: https://chandigarh.gov.in/ (opens in a new tab) . MoMA’s artist page independently frames the oeuvre: https://www.moma.org/artists/3426 (opens in a new tab) . Carpenter Center 1963 is his U.S. building. The 1966-and-later UNESCO file is not a lifetime act; a documentary 1944–1965 page may be evidence of buildings, not of a listing he filed: https://lecorbusier-worldheritage.org/en/1944-1965/ (opens in a new tab) .

What this page must not do: date Facts to 2016 World Heritage; treat Vichy extracts as a 2015 book’s act; treat Nehru as a draughtsman; treat Jean-nerni as a documented partner without a sourced instrument; split one Unité into cosmetic floor-Facts; treat later HLMs by others as his 1952 pour. He died 27 August 1965 off Roquebrune. Firminy’s later church completion neighbourhood is bounded. Confidence is high on titled buildings and on Plan Voisin as drawing, medium on letter extracts and on Chandigarh displacement share, low on unique kWh and unique village headcounts. Keep Voisin, Vichy, Savoye, Unité, Ronchamp, and Assembly on separate dates. Mixing them is how a prophet gets built and how a villain gets built.

A note on shared authorship and on numbers. Pierre Jeanneret’s name is on villas, Pessac, and Chandigarh execution; Charlotte Perriand’s name is on the chairs; Jane Drew and Maxwell Fry’s names are on housing sectors; Xenakis’s name is on glass and on the Philips shell; Varèse’s name is on the tape. Those shares do not delete a documented lead, and they are not a reason to mint eight cosmetic floor-Facts of one Unité. Where a drawing is unbuilt (Voisin, Obus, Saint-Dié, Palace of Soviets), the instrument is still the published plan. Where a letter is private (1940), the instrument is the letter as reported, with Fondation and BBC as the public doors, not a 2015 book’s publication year as the deed. Marseille’s city portal locates the Unité as a municipal object: https://www.marseille.fr/ (opens in a new tab) . Ronchamp’s association locates the hill: https://www.collinenotredameduhaut.com/ (opens in a new tab) . La Tourette’s convent locates the cells: https://www.couventdelatourette.fr/ (opens in a new tab) . No unique kWh series and no unique village headcount is supplied where those pages do not give one. Conventional dates preserve year-level uncertainty. That is the method: lifetime building or plan, later carrier as evidence, no museum year as the pour.

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