Wotke publishes the Vatican Sayings from Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1950
In 1888 Karl Wotke printed the Gnomologium Vaticanum Epicureum from Vaticanus Graecus 1950, a second short-saying collection overlapping the Principal Doctrines. Epicurus did not deposit the codex in 1888. In the causal graph this event sets in motion Digital Learning Access, a driver that weakens Learning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries) — an improving welfare path.
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In 1888 Karl Wotke printed the Gnomologium Vaticanum Epicureum from Vaticanus Graecus 1950, a second short-saying collection overlapping the Principal Doctrines. Epicurus did not deposit the codex in 1888.
Context
A second saying-list lets editors check what the school wanted memorised. Attribution of every line to the founder remains disputed.
Epicurus is not the sole author of every later object, law, or museum label that uses the name. Shared work with courts, excavators, printers, spouses, officials, and later states does not erase a documented role, and it does not make an ancient person the signer of a twentieth-century statute.
Why it matters
A Vatican manuscript edition is an access gain. It is not a proof of single authorship.
It is not a proof of single authorship.
Who was responsible
Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.
Epicurus
PersonDirect responsibility
responsibility level 0.24 · verified
Garden founder as named in later editions and finds. Printers, excavators, and editors publish the instrument.
What changed
Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.
- FactWotke publishes the Vatican Sayings from Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1950
- sets in motionDriverDigital Learning Access
- weakensIndicators (3)Learning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries)
impact weight 0.45 · Effect from 1 January 1888 · verified
A Vatican manuscript edition is an access gain. It is not a proof of single authorship.
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.18 (weight 0.45 × strength 0.4)
Observed
70% of 10-year-olds · 70 above the normal line (2022)
Worse than normalTwo readings: 57% of 10-year-olds (2019) and 70% of 10-year-olds (2022).
20192022 Above normal = worse
Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.16 (weight 0.45 × strength 0.35)
Observed
472 PISA score points · 28 below the normal line (2022)
Worse than normal7 readings, 2003–2022: fell from 499 PISA score points to 472 PISA score points.
Above normal = better
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.14 (weight 0.45 × strength 0.3)
Observed
11% of primary-school-age children · 11 above the normal line (2023)
Worse than normalAbove normal = worse
Evidence
The sources behind this fact and its verification state.
- 1.Usener, Epicurea (1887)Internet Archive / Teubner scan · High credibility · verified
- 2.Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy — EpicurusStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy · High credibility · verified
Causal path
How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.
- ActorEpicurus
- contributed toFactWotke publishes the Vatican Sayings from Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1950
- sets in motionDriverDigital Learning Access
- weakensIndicatorLearning Poverty Rate (low- and middle-income countries)
Cite this page
Factrail. (2026). Wotke publishes the Vatican Sayings from Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1950. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/ep-vatican-sayings-wotke
https://factrail.ai/facts/ep-vatican-sayings-wotke
Accessed 15 October 2026.
By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed
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