Federal authorities cut communications, electricity and banking in Tigray

Office of the Prime Minister of Ethiopia carries the official instrument or communique. Reuters records the same dated act independently.

Established: a November 2020 federal cutoff of Tigray communications, power and banking, independently reported.

Not established: a unique later famine coefficient from the first blackout hour, or that every village was dark that night.

Ethio Telecom, EEP and banks implemented.. A later repeal, court stay, or successor order would be a different Fact with a different date. That pair identifies Federal authorities cut communications, electricity and banking in Tigray, not a later speech about Federal authorities cut communications, electricity and banking in Tigray.

Co-authors and later implementers named in Context remain on the file. If a later repeal, stay, or successor decree exists, it needs its own date and its own row. The contribution described on this Person row is limited to His government ordered the cutoff as part of the operation. Ethio Telecom, EEP and banks implemented. That limit is the alternative to treating office-holding as authorship of every later series.

The EHRC–OHCHR joint investigation says telephone, mobile and internet communications were cut shortly after midnight on 4 November 2020 and remained interrupted even after federal forces retook Mekelle; Ethio Telecom told investigators it had blocked access after armed men took over its Mekelle core site, and that by the 28 June 2021 ceasefire it had restored service to less than half the region. The UN’s 2022 commission separately found that the Federal Government suspended electricity, internet, telecommunications and banking services on 4 November 2020, partially restored some services, then shut essential services down again from late June 2021. The blackout limited civilian communication, outside scrutiny and the operation of basic services during an armed conflict.