India deposits its instrument of ratification of the Paris Agreement
On 2 October 2016 India deposited its instrument of ratification of the Paris Agreement with the UN Secretary-General, on Gandhi Jayanti. Later NDCs and a net-zero 2070 speech are neighbouring later instruments. In the causal graph this event strengthens Decarbonization and climate-mitigation policy, a driver that weakens Global CO2 emissions per capita — an improving welfare path.
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On 2 October 2016 India deposited its instrument of ratification of the Paris Agreement with the UN Secretary-General, on Gandhi Jayanti.
Context
The environment ministry prepared. Modi politically owned the timing. He did not write the Agreement text. Later NDCs and a net-zero 2070 speech are neighbouring later instruments.
The International Solar Alliance launch is a neighbouring earlier Paris-week instrument. A 2021 Glasgow 2070 sentence is a neighbouring later speech.
The Prime Minister of India is head of the Union Council of Ministers. Parliament writes statutes; the President assents; states and Union ministries implement; the Supreme Court can strike a scheme down. A prime minister can announce demonetisation, drive a bill, and take an oath. He does not write a UNFCCC depositary record, an ISRO telemetry file, or a Supreme Court judgment by himself.
Why it matters
The path is decarbonisation policy: a completed ratification by a large emitter is a dated legal participation, not a delivered 1.5°C path.
Who was responsible
Contribution type and responsibility level for each recorded actor — not sole-author shorthand.
Narendra Modi
PersonDirect responsibility
responsibility level 0.6 · verified
He politically owned the ratification timing. The depositary recorded. He did not write the treaty text.
What changed
Fact → Driver → Indicator. Relationship strength orders the paths; it is not the observed indicator movement.
- FactIndia deposits its instrument of ratification of the Paris Agreement
- strengthensDriverDecarbonization and climate-mitigation policy
- weakensIndicators (3)Global CO2 emissions per capita
impact weight 0.55 · Effect from 2 October 2016 · verified
A completed Paris ratification is a dated legal participation in the NDC regime.
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.33 (weight 0.55 × strength 0.6)
Observed
4.73 tonnes CO2 per person per year · 2.43 above the normal line (2024)
Worse than normalTwo readings: 4.71 tonnes CO2 per person per year (2023) and 4.73 tonnes CO2 per person per year (2024).
20232024 Above normal = worse
Weakens · Relationship strength 0.28 (weight 0.55 × strength 0.5)
Observed
32.9 micrograms per cubic metre (annual mean, population-weighted) · 27.9 above the normal line (2023)
Worse than normal3 readings, 2021–2023: fell from 33.2 micrograms per cubic metre (annual mean, population-weighted) to 32.9 micrograms per cubic metre (annual mean, population-weighted).
Above normal = worse
- Better
Strengthens · Relationship strength 0.22 (weight 0.55 × strength 0.4)
Observed
30% of electricity generation · 11 above the normal line (2023)
Better than normal6 readings, 2000–2023: rose from 18.9% of electricity generation to 30% of electricity generation.
Above normal = better
Evidence
The sources behind this fact and its verification state.
- 1.Reuters — India ratifies Paris climate agreementReuters · High credibility · verified
- 2.UN Treaty Collection — Paris AgreementUnited Nations · High credibility · verified
What the sources establish
United Nations carries the official instrument or communique. Reuters records the same dated act independently.
Established: a 2 October 2016 deposit of India’s Paris ratification, recorded by the UN Treaty Collection and by independent wires.
Not established: that later coal additions were thereby forbidden, or a unique same-day gigatonne coefficient.
The depositary recorded. He did not write the treaty text.. A later repeal, court stay, or successor order would be a different Fact with a different date. That pair identifies India deposits its instrument of ratification of the Paris Agreement, not a later speech about India deposits its instrument of ratification of the Paris Agreement.
Co-authors and later implementers named in Context remain on the file. If a later repeal, stay, or successor decree exists, it needs its own date and its own row. The contribution described on this Person row is limited to He politically owned the ratification timing. The depositary recorded. He did not write the treaty text. That limit is the alternative to treating office-holding as authorship of every later series. The Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, the President, the Reserve Bank, state governments, the Election Commission, and foreign counterparties share specific files. Allegation is not a completed judgment. A Supreme Court striking-down is not a criminal conviction. A scheme notification is not a unique rupee coefficient. A UN pledge is not a delivered emissions path.
Causal path
How this event connects to drivers and indicators in the graph.
- ActorNarendra Modi
- contributed toFactIndia deposits its instrument of ratification of the Paris Agreement
- strengthensDriverDecarbonization and climate-mitigation policy
- weakensIndicatorGlobal CO2 emissions per capita
Cite this page
Factrail. (2026). India deposits its instrument of ratification of the Paris Agreement. Factrail. https://factrail.ai/facts/in-paris-ratification-2016
https://factrail.ai/facts/in-paris-ratification-2016
Accessed 16 October 2026.
By the Factrail desk · Method: how we source and score · Last reviewed
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