ClimateGlobal
Copernicus ranks 2025 as world's third-warmest year on record
The climate service's completed dataset placed annual global temperature behind only 2024 and 2023, extending an exceptional run of heat.
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TechnologyAustralia
Australia's social-media minimum-age obligation takes effect
Covered platforms became responsible for taking reasonable steps to prevent children under 16 from holding accounts under a world-first national regime.
ClimateBelem, Brazil
COP30 adopts Belem Political Package after tense climate talks
Parties agreed a package on implementation, adaptation, finance and just transition while disputes over fossil-fuel language remained unresolved.
PoliticsIsrael and Gaza Strip
New ceasefire between Israel and Hamas enters into effect
A renewed negotiated cessation began with provisions for hostage and prisoner releases, military redeployment and expanded humanitarian access.
PoliticsUnited Nations, New York
France formally recognizes the State of Palestine
Macron declared French recognition of Palestine at the UN on 22 September 2025, a diplomatic act that does not itself open a crossing, a ceasefire, or a UN seat.
PoliticsUnited Nations and four recognizing states
United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Portugal recognize Palestine
Four Western governments formally recognized the State of Palestine in coordinated announcements intended to support a two-state solution.
TechnologyEuropean Union
EU AI Act rules begin applying to general-purpose models
Providers of new general-purpose AI models became subject to documentation, copyright and transparency duties, with extra rules for systemic-risk models.
PoliticsThailand and Cambodia
Thailand and Cambodia ceasefire enters into effect
The two governments agreed an immediate and unconditional halt after Malaysian-hosted talks ended days of deadly border fighting.
SecurityThailand-Cambodia border
Large-scale fighting erupts along Thailand-Cambodia border
Artillery, rockets and airstrikes spread near disputed temple areas, killing civilians and soldiers and displacing border communities.
PoliticsWashington, D.C.
Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda sign Washington peace agreement
The countries committed to respect territorial integrity, support armed-group disengagement and pursue regional economic integration after conflict in eastern Congo.
SecurityThe Hague, Netherlands
NATO allies agree five-percent defence and security investment target
Leaders committed by 2035 to spend 3.5 percent of GDP on core defence and up to 1.5 percent on broader security and resilience.
PoliticsIsrael and Iran
Ceasefire takes effect after twelve days of Israel-Iran fighting
A US-announced cessation halted the main exchange of strikes after brief accusations of violations by both sides.
SecurityFordow, Natanz and Isfahan, Iran
United States strikes three Iranian nuclear sites
US bombers and submarines attacked Iran's nuclear infrastructure, directly entering the Israel-Iran war with a single major operation.
SecurityIran
Israel begins large-scale strikes against Iran
Israeli aircraft attacked nuclear, missile and military targets and killed senior commanders and scientists, opening twelve days of direct war.
ClimateAhmedabad, India
Air India flight 171 crashes after takeoff from Ahmedabad
The Boeing 787 bound for London struck a medical-college complex shortly after departure, killing nearly everyone aboard and people on the ground.
PoliticsSouth Korea
Lee Jae-myung wins South Korea's early presidential election
The Democratic Party leader won the snap vote called after Yoon Suk Yeol's removal over the failed martial-law declaration.
PoliticsPoland
Karol Nawrocki wins Poland's presidential election
The conservative historian narrowly defeated Warsaw Mayor Rafal Trzaskowski, preserving a powerful institutional counterweight to Donald Tusk's government.
SocietyGeneva, Switzerland
World Health Assembly adopts WHO Pandemic Agreement
Member states approved a treaty framework for pandemic prevention, preparedness and response after more than three years of negotiation.
PoliticsRomania
Nicusor Dan wins Romania's presidential election
The centrist Bucharest mayor defeated nationalist George Simion in a rerun ordered after the 2024 election was annulled.
PoliticsTürkiye and Kurdish regions
PKK announces dissolution and end to armed struggle
The Kurdistan Workers' Party said it would disband and end its insurgency after an appeal from imprisoned leader Abdullah Ocalan.