Shehbaz Sharif dynastic PM is one continuing hybrid-regime mechanism in Pakistan: PML-N Punjab machine to federal premiership on 11 April 2022 after Imran Khan’s no-confidence loss, a caretaker interval, then return on 3–4 March 2024 at the head of a PML-N–PPP coalition after a February poll run under a mobile shutdown, and the 21 October 2024 26th Amendment that let a parl…
State Repression is a continuing, time-varying factor within rights, social stability, and the information environment. It is modeled as a Driver because its intensity, capacity, or prevalence can change across reporting periods and can transmit the effects of multiple events, decisions, and institutions to later outcomes. It is not a dated event, a person, an organizat…
The sustained intensity of credible, institutionalized anti-corruption enforcement: independent specialized bureaus and prosecutors, transparent procurement, merit-based hiring, e-government that removes discretionary contact points, and political will to prosecute high-level officials. Higher intensity strengthens control of corruption and pushes CPI scores up.
Afghanistan Taliban rule (2021+) is one continuing command mechanism: the Taliban’s seizure of Kabul on 15 August 2021, the Islamic Emirate’s decrees on girls’ secondary and university education, women’s employment and movement, and the UN’s recorded humanitarian and rights collapse under that rule. It is a mechanism, not a tourism brochure and not a 1918–45 territorial-rev…
Protection of Minority Rights is a continuing, time-varying factor within rights, social stability, and the information environment. It is modeled as a Driver because its intensity, capacity, or prevalence can change across reporting periods and can transmit the effects of multiple events, decisions, and institutions to later outcomes. It is not a dated event, a person,…
Hun Sen post-Manet power is one continuing personalist mechanism in Cambodia: the former prime minister (1985–2023) who dissolved the CNRP, convicted Kem Sokha, then became Senate president on 3 April 2024 after handing the premiership to Hun Manet, and who on 25 May 2026 signed a royal pardon as acting head of state that left politics and travel bans in place. It is a mech…
Updated Jan 2025
Diffusion of Open AI Models is a continuing, time-varying factor within technology, the digital environment, and cybersecurity. It is modeled as a Driver because its intensity, capacity, or prevalence can change across reporting periods and can transmit the effects of multiple events, decisions, and institutions to later outcomes. It is not a dated event, a person, an o…
Morales parallel-MAS is one continuing Bolivian mechanism: the 21 February 2016 referendum that rejected a further consecutive term, the 28 November 2017 TCP judgment 0084/2017 that set aside term limits as a human-rights claim, the 20 October 2019 election that OAS auditors later said they could not validate, the 10 November 2019 resignation, the 2023–2025 parallel MAS mac…
Social Cohesion is a continuing, time-varying factor within rights, social stability, and the information environment. It is modeled as a Driver because its intensity, capacity, or prevalence can change across reporting periods and can transmit the effects of multiple events, decisions, and institutions to later outcomes. It is not a dated event, a person, an organizati…
China property / local-government debt crisis is one continuing mainland housing-and-LGFV mechanism: the 2020 “three red lines” leverage caps, the 2021–24 developer default-and-delivery failure cluster whose Hong Kong courtroom end-state for China Evergrande Group is the 29 January 2024 winding-up order, the local-government financing-vehicle (LGFV) fiscal neighbour, and th…
Hemedti RSF war is one continuing domestic mechanism in Sudan: the Rapid Support Forces commander who led the 3 June 2019 dispersal of the Khartoum sit-in as recorded by Human Rights Watch, commanded RSF units when fighting erupted on 15 April 2023, and whose forces imposed the El Fasher siege from May 2024 and captured the city in late October 2025. It is a mechanism, not…
Updated Jan 2025
Satellite-Internet Coverage is a continuing, time-varying factor within science, space, and biotechnology. It is modeled as a Driver because its intensity, capacity, or prevalence can change across reporting periods and can transmit the effects of multiple events, decisions, and institutions to later outcomes. It is not a dated event, a person, an organization, a welfar…