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Long-term ammunition, air-defence and financing commitments
Long-term diversification toward Norway, LNG and renewables
M5S shifts coalition from League to Democratic Party and loses insurgent identity
Macron government launches universal pension-system proposal and faces strikes
Macron pushes European strategic-autonomy agenda
Major reinforcement, higher spending commitments and new regional defence plans
Marin manages pandemic and security shift
Mass Women's Strike protests confront PiS
Mediterranean arrivals and EU search-and-rescue policy debate
Meloni leads government while strengthening role in EU conservative politics
Meloni remains outside Conte and Draghi governments and consolidates opposition
Merz government deepens defence spending and readiness shift
Monti implements austerity and pension reforms
National recovery plans, milestones and disbursement conditionality
New constitution and institutional restructuring take effect
Nord Stream 1 enters operation
Nord Stream 2 dispute with US and Eastern European governments
Outside spending becomes structurally central to federal elections
Pardons and dialogue reduce confrontation but do not end sovereignty dispute
Party pivots toward migration and nationalist politics
Passos Coelho government implements austerity programme
Péter Magyar and Tisza create strongest new domestic challenge to Fidesz
Police reform and voting politics absorb movement demands
Police shootings shape Obama-era justice debate

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Current selection overview24 of 10431 facts

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In focus

Long-term ammunition, air-defence and financing commitments

Jan 1, 2023event

Long-term ammunition, air-defence and financing commitments

Jan 1, 2024event

Long-term diversification toward Norway, LNG and renewables

M5S shifts coalition from League to Democratic Party and loses insurgent identity

Jan 1, 2019event

M5S shifts coalition from League to Democratic Party and loses insurgent identity

Macron government launches universal pension-system proposal and faces strikes

Jan 1, 2019

Macron government launches universal pension-system proposal and faces strikes

Macron pushes European strategic-autonomy agenda

Jan 1, 2019

Macron pushes European strategic-autonomy agenda

Major reinforcement, higher spending commitments and new regional defence plans

Jan 1, 2022

Major reinforcement, higher spending commitments and new regional defence plans